PINKTOBER - BREAST CANCER AWARENESS

 

By Charlene Kaseke

October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month—a time to emphasize the importance of early detection and educate women on breast cancer risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options.

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among women worldwide. 

It occurs when breast cells grow uncontrollably, forming tumors that can often be detected through screening. 

Understanding the stages of breast cancer is essential for early detection and effective treatment. 

This month, we aim to raise awareness about the importance of regular screenings and educate women on risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options.

Empowering individuals with knowledge can lead to proactive health measures and early intervention.

Who Is at Risk?

Several factors can increase the risk of developing breast cancer:

* Women are at higher risk.

* Risk increases after age 55.

* Genetics (e.g., BRCA1, BRCA2) heighten risk.

* Obesity, inactivity, alcohol use, and smoking are factors.

* Previous breast cancer increases risk.

* Past radiation to the chest area can elevate risk.

Common signs and symptoms include:

•A lump or mass in the breast or underarm area

* Changes in breast size, shape, or contour

* Skin changes, such as dimpling or puckering

* Nipple discharge (other than breast milk)

* Persistent pain in the breast or nipple

Breast Cancer Stages:

Breast cancer is classified into stages based on how far it has spread.

* Stage 0: Abnormal cells are present but have not invaded nearby tissues (DCIS).

* Stage I: Invasive cancer with a small tumor (up to 2 cm) that hasn't spread to lymph nodes.

* Stage II: Larger tumors (2-5 cm) or cancer that has spread to a few nearby lymph nodes.

* Stage III: More extensive disease, with larger tumors or significant lymph node involvement.

* Stage IV: Advanced cancer that has spread to distant organs.

Regular self-examinations help in detecting any unusual breast changes early, leading to prompt medical consultation. Mammograms, essential for women over 40 or those at higher risk, can detect breast cancer before symptoms arise. Together, self-exams and mammograms increase the chances of early detection and more effective treatment.

Breast Cancer Prevention Tips:

* Maintain a healthy weight with a balanced diet and regular exercise.

* Stay physically active to balance hormone levels.

* Breastfeed if possible for protective benefits.

* Avoid smoking to lower cancer risks.

* Know your family history and consider genetic testing.

Treatment for breast cancer varies depending on the stage and type. Common options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy.

If you notice any unusual changes in your breasts, consult your doctor immediately. Early detection and timely treatment are essential for a positive outcome.

Knowledge is power—know the signs, get regular screenings, and seek expert guidance.

Stay informed, stay healthy! 

* Charlene Kaseke is a Medical Practitioner, she soldiers at Harare City Corps, in Greater Harare Division. - Salvationist online